Nine interconnected subfields, each representing a critical domain for upgrading economies and governance systems.
Nation-states run open, verifiable, privacy-preserving rails (identity, payments, registries, RWA, data + compute corridors).
Shifting from experiments to a full scientific stack (open data, reproducible research, verifiable pipelines, new funding instruments).
DePIN becomes a mainstream infra category (sovereign compute, energy, sensing, mapping, telecom, and resilience networks).
PGF evolves into public markets for public goods (sustainable co-funding, repeatable granting, clear measurement, institutional legitimacy).
DeFi achieves global democratized access to payments and savings in valuable asset categories (major currencies, stocks, bonds).
Technology enables resilience towards misinformation and lifts the governance abilities of states and institutions.
Network states develop permanent hubs and provide radical new ideas of how society can flourish.
Computing leapfrogs national economies and creates wealth and security for developing nations.
New mechanisms enable sustainable climate finance. DePIN and MRV technology tackle the climate and biodiversity crisis.
More subareas may emerge as the field grows. These subfields overlap and create new opportunity spaces at their convergence points.